1????????

????????????､????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????,???????､??????????,???????????,????????,??????????????????????????(LAS)?????,???,??????,??????,?????????????????????????(AES)､??????(SAS)､?-?????(AOS)､?-?????????(MES)､???????????(AEC),?????????､???????????

1.1SAS,AOS,AES

?3?????????????????,?????,??????､??､??????????SAS,AOS??､???(130????),????????,????????????????AES???????????????3EOAES???????????????,????､??????､????

1.2MES,AEC

??????????MES???????,?????LAS?1/3,????????????AEC????,????,??????,????????1??????????span style="font-family:??;">???,?????????????,????????????????

1.3???､?????????

???AES?????????????,??????LS????????,???????????????,???????????????????????;????????????Promios EMCP,PromoisEFLS,???????､?????

2????????

???????????,???????????????,???????????????????????????,?????????????,???????,???????????????????､???????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???0.1%?0.2%?????????,???????????,???????､??????;????????????(DHTDMAC)?????,?????????,????????､??????,??????????????????20??90???????､?????????????????????:???､??????????､?????????????????

2.1???

??????????C_12?14??????､????????????????(????),?????????????????????????,????????????????,?????????,??????????

?Me₂N(CH₂)₃N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂????1?1??????????????????,????????､?????????????????????????????????????????????

2.2???????

?????????????????????????,???????????????､??､????????????????,??????????????,??????????????

??,?????????????????,????:

???DHTDMAC,??????????,??????CHT R Breitlich Gmbh???????????????????Tubimgal B,???????,?????????,???????????????

3????????

????????????????,????????????????????????,????､??､???????????????????????,????????;????3???:????????(OP??)､??????????(S??),?????????????(T??)????????O､???O-15????????????(TX-10)??????,????????????,????,???????????,???????????????,????????????????????????????,???????(?????(APG)､???(SE)?????,?????????､??､?????????????

3.1APG

APG?????????????????,???????????????????

??????????,????????????????30mN/m?40mN/m,?APG?????????30mN/m,???????????,???,??????TX-10､???O､??-20???-60,??????????????????????????????????????????

APG??????????,?????????,?????????､????????????????????C₁₂?₁₆APG1.25%､??????1.25%???97.5%?????30min???,????,?150?????30s,???､???????50%?

APG???????1?3?1?10,??????????????????????,1.7??8?C_8?22????1?APG??,???????????,???????APG????????,????????????????6%?94%APG?6%?94%?????､6%?94%????????(?????)､??????????????,???????????,???????????､??????????????????

3.2????

??????Ninoil6501, Ninoil 6502????:

RCON(C_nH_nOH)₂,n=2?3

????????????,????????5%?10%,?????????,?AES-Na????????????????????????????????,40d??????????3kV(3kV???????????????),?????,??????????,????????､??､??､??????????

3.3???(SE)

?????1?18?HLB?,?????????????????????????,0.10%?????????????33mN/m?34mN/m,??????????､?????????;0.10%???????????????????,?????????????????;?????,????????????????､??????､??､?-??????????????????,???????????????;??､??､??????????,???????????,?????????

????????????span style="font-family:??;">????span style="font-family:??;">???????(ﾊｲｿﾌﾀ-SS-15)????,????,????????1.2%???､0.001%SE?????????????,???,?????7?3???????????????,????????/???,???????????????

4???????

???????????,???,????????,????,????,???????????????????????????????????､????,???????????LAS,???????????????????N-??-?-???????????､????､??????????????????????????????????????????????????:

??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????pH???????

?????????????,???????????????????????,?????????????????????????C₁₈H₃₇(OCH₂CH₂)₁₅OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂N⁺H(CH₂CH₂OH)CH₂CO₂^-,C₁₇H₃₅CONH(CH₂)₃N⁺(Me₂)CH₂CO₂^-???､?????????????????,???????????????,?????????????

5????????

5.1???

??????????????,????????????,???????????､?????????､??????????

????,??????????????,??????,?????????????????????????

???????????,?????????,????????????,??????K-2BP,X-3B?????M-7G????????????3.79?､1.4??2.3?,???????90.5%､77%?97.7%,??????????,????､???????4???,???????3????

5.2??

?????????､???????????????????????,??????､??､???????????????????揚(yáng)luronic???????:

R(C₂H₄O)a(C₃H₆O)b(C₂H₄O)Cha+b+c=20?80

???????2000L₆₄?3000L₆₄(L???),?????;F₆₈(F????)??????????????????,????,????;??????????,?????,????????,?????????､???,????????

6???????

6.1Gemini?????

??????????????,???????????????????,?????:

????????????????????,???Krafft?,????????????????????､??????

????????????????????,?50%??????,?40%????????,????????､???､????????

??????,?Gemini?????????DC3-12,DC6-12??????????????,?????1,4-DDA????6???,?????????????????

6.2???????

??????????????????????,????????(???????????20mN/m??),????cmc､??????????????????????､??????????

??3M?????Scotchgard(????????),????????????,???????､????,????,???????????????､??????????????????????,????????,???????(????)??,????,??????????????,?????????????????????????:C₈F₁₇(OC₂H₄)₁₉OH;  C₈F₁₇-SO₃Li;

C₈F₁₇-SO₂NH-(CH₂)₂-N(C₂H₅)₃

6.3??????????

?????????????????????????,??????????????,???????､??????????????????????,?????????????????????????,????:

??????,?????????????0.5?1.0?10?1.0?????????(??/?､?/?)??????,????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Neodol 23-3,silwetL 77??????????????????;????????､??????????????????,???????????????

??,???????????????????????????????????､???????????????????????,?????????????､???(????????????????,??250mg/L??????),????????????､??????????????????

??????????????????,???????????､??????????????????????????,?????????????B-O??????????????,?????,?????????????????????,????????????

7??

??????????????,??????????????????span style="font-family:??;">?????span style="font-family:??;">??span style="font-family:??;">?????span style="font-family:??;">???,?????????????,?????????????､?????????????????????,???､??????????????????､???????,????????????:

(1)??????????

??????､???Tecel????????????,??????､???????,?????????､???????????;????､????､?????,?????､??,?????????､????????,??????,?????????????????????????????????????

(2)????????????

???????????､?????????????????????????????????????????????､???,????????????????;????????????､????????????

(3)???????????????????????????????????????,???????,??????????????????????????(????????､??????????)､????????????

(4)???????

???????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,????????